Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT), as the primary cause of hypothyroidism worldwide, has shown an increasing prevalence. Although Western medicine can regulate thyroid function, its effect on reducing autoantibodies is limited. Based on the holistic concept and syndrome differentiation and treatment, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has demonstrated unique advantages in regulating immunity, improving symptoms, and delaying disease progression. By sorting out the etiology, pathogenesis, main treatment methods, and efficacy of HT, this paper aims to explore the progress of TCM in the treatment of HT and provide ideas and methods for clinical practice. However, there is a lack of high-quality clinical evidence for TCM treatment of HT. In the future, high-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm the efficacy, so as to promote new breakthroughs in TCM treatment of HT.

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Gout is a metabolic disease caused by the deposition of monosodium urate, marked by severe pain and inflammation. Globally, its incidence rate is on the rise, and the incidence population is getting younger, which has become a key public health problem. The treatment methods of Western medicine can quickly exert anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, but cannot cure the disease. Traditional Chinese medicine has become a potential treatment for gout. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine's principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment, Chinese medicine can regulate the organs of the body, improve metabolic disorders at the root, reduce the production of uric acid, and promote its excretion from the body. Chuanxiong, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has a synergistic effect of various active ingredients such as ligustrazine and ferulic acid, which can alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, reduce urea, improve microcirculation, and have antioxidant effects. It is used to treat gout. In the future, the mechanism of action of Ligusticum chuanxiong in treating gout can be exploited through the development of combination drugs, and a new treatment strategy can be created, providing reference for further research on the pathogenesis of gout and the development of new drugs.

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Thyroid nodules are common diseases of the endocrine system, which belong to the category of "goiter" in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The TCM treatment of benign thyroid nodules takes syndrome differentiation and treatment as the core, forming a multi-therapy system including oral administration of Chinese herbal medicine and external treatment, with continuous deepening of relevant research and application. This paper systematically sorts out the clinical application status of various characteristic TCM therapies in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules, and looks forward to the prospects around the optimization of clinical diagnosis and treatment and the explanation of mechanisms of action, aiming to provide ideas for the TCM treatment of benign thyroid nodules.

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Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal human malignancies with poor survival outcome. It is characterized by late diagnosis, rapid growth and limited therapeutic choices. Increasing evidence has suggested that gene expression may undergo extensive changes during the process of normal cells to malignant transformation which may play a critical role in the initiation and progression of human PDAC. In this study, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology to comprehensively compared the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and tissue samples from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients and normal individuals. We characterized transcriptional heterogeneity and identified differentially expressed genes as well as the changes of immune microenvironment between PDAC and normal individuals through integrative bioinformatic analysis. We believe that our results will provide new insights into the cellular and molecular characterization of PDAC and may provide potential implications for future therapeutic approaches and biomarker discoveries.

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